Abstract:
从上世纪20年代至今，中国已经有70多处地点发现了一万年以上的人类化石，这些化石具有许多共同的形态特征，比如额骨最突隆处位置较低、颜面较矮、比较平扁、额骨与鼻骨，上颌骨之间的骨缝连续成一条线、鼻梁不高、眼眶近似长方形、眼眶外侧下缘圆钝、眼眶与鼻腔前口之间的骨表面不隆起、颧骨额蝶突前外侧面比较朝向前方、颊部骨下缘弯曲、上门齿铲形。这些化石在分类上分属直立人和智人，两者之间有形态镶嵌表现于眶后缩狭、角圆枕、颞鳞高度、枕骨形态等。共同特征和形态镶嵌支持连续进化。中国个别化石的个别特征，比如南京的高鼻梁、大荔的鼻旁隆起、马坝的圆眼眶和锐利的下外侧边缘、巢县的枕外隆凸上小凹、柳江等颅骨的发髻状隆起、山顶洞102号的颧骨形态等，都是与欧洲化石一致，却与中国主流不同，指示可能与西方人类有过少量杂交。在这些证据和旧石器文化的传统都支持"连续进化附带杂交"的假说。根据中国人DNA的分析结果推测中国的古老型人类在6万年前冰期中被非洲来的现代人完全取代。中国的人化石、古文化和古环境的资料都不支持这个推测在距今20-6万年前，非洲和近东流行第三模式的石器，中国则是第一模式，大量石器表明没有在6万年前发生过由第三模式完全取代第一模式的剧变。黄种人具有的两面坡状头顶等4项特征在黑种人中阙如,
黑种人铲形门齿只有10%，哺乳动物化石指示，在地球处于冰期时哺乳动物在中国仍旧繁盛，有人类生存的证据，都不利于完全取代说。人化石和古文化证据都指示，从古老型人类到现代人的出现，在东亚，以连续进化为主，接受外来基因为辅，在欧洲，以外来人群取代本地人群为主，本地人群连续进化为辅。对尼人基因的分析结果与后者可能一致。不同学科对人类进化的探索本来应该可以互相印证，作者试图探索目前产生矛盾的原因和未来走向协调的道路。
Bio：
Professor Xinzhi WU (Chinese: 吴新智, 1928-) , member of Chinese Academy of Science, and honorary president of Chinese Society for Anatomical Sciences, was born in Hefei City, Anhui Province in June of 1928. He graduated from Shanghai Medical College in 1953. From 1952 to 1953, he was in an advanced training program for teachers of human anatomy sponsored by the Ministry of Health of Chinese Central Government. He finished post-graduate study in paleoanthropology in Chinese Academy of Science in 1961. From then, he has been working at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, as assistant research professor, associate research professor, senior professor, distinguished professor and deputy director tandemly. Professor Wu also served as deputy chief-editor and chief-editor of Acta Anthropologica Sinica for numerous years. He was deputy president of Chinese Society for Anatomical Sciences, and director of the Vocational Committee for Anthropology of this society. He has published more than 100 papers and monographs, most of which are devoted to paleoanthropology, a few to anthropometry of minorities and forensic anthropology as well as primatology such as <Anatomy of Gibbon>. In 1984, Professor Wu, with M. H. Wolpoff and A. G. Thorne, put forward a hypothesis, Multiregional Evolution, to explain the origin of modern humans. In 1998, he proposed a new hypothesis, Continuity with Hybridization, for characterizing human evolution in
China. He has joined or conducted fieldwork at the Choukoutien archaeological site, and major archaeological sites in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan and Hubei
provinces. He has played an important role in the finds and studies of Homo sapiens erectus from Yunxi County of Hubei Province, Homo sapiens erectus and Homo sapiens fossils from Xichuan County of Henan Province, and Homo sapiens fossils from Dingcun, Xiangfen County of Shanxi Province. Professor Wu has presided over training programs of teaching anthropometry for the members of the Chinese Society for anatomical Sciences for three times. He was awarded one of the best graduate advisors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1990. He won the first prize of the CAS Awards of Natural Science in 1991, the second and third prizes of the Guomoruo Award on History Studies respectively in 1999 and 2007, and the second prize of the State Scientific and Technological Progress Award in 2005.
